The Extreme, Workerless Inquilines of the World.
The inquiline species.
The Tetramorium inquilinum species-group (“Degenerate workerless social parasites of several other Tetramorium species”, complete.) Before as Tetramorium Mayr, 1855 (Only a few species in a big genus.) (= Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950, by Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 (“2014”), the old genus, complete.).
01) Tetramorium inquilinum Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 (“2014”)
(= Teleutomyrmex schneideri Kutter, 1950)
(= Tetramorium schneideri (Kutter, 1950), by Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 ("2014"))
(not Tetramorium schneideri Emery, 1898)
(= Tetramorium inquilinum Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 ("2014"), replacement name)
02) Tetramorium kutteri (Tinaut, 1990)
(= Teleutomyrmex kutteri Tinaut, 1990)
(= Tetramorium kutteri (Tinaut, 1990), by Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 ("2014"))
(not Tetramorium semilaeve André, 1883 var. kutteri Santschi, 1927)
03) Tetramorium seiferti (Kiran, Karaman, 2017, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017)
(= Teleutomyrmex seiferti Kiran, Karaman, 2017, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017)
(= Tetramorium seiferti (Kiran, Karaman, 2017, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017), by analogy)
04) Tetramorium buschingeri (Lapeva-Gjonova, 2017, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017)
(= Teleutomyrmex buschingeri Lapeva-Gjonova, 2017, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017)
(= Tetramorium buschingeri (Lapeva-Gjonova, 2017, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017), by analogy)
05) Tetramorium albenae Salata, van Delft, Borowiec, 2023, in Salata, van Delft, van Delft, Georgiadis, Borowiec, 2023
Not yet described species of extreme, workerless inquiline, from the Tetramorium inquilinum species-group (= Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950.).
06) The new, undescribed species from Tetramorium Mayr, 1855 (= Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950) from Farab, Turkmenistan… See Dlussky, Soyunov, Zabelin,
1990 [“1989”].
Tetramorium Mayr, 1855 (Only a few species in a big genus.) (= Anergates Forel, 1874, by Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 (“2014”), the old genus, complete.).
07) Tetramorium atratulum (Schenck, 1852)
(= Myrmica atratula Schenck, 1852)
[Also described as new by Schenck, 1853]
(= Tetramorium atratulum (Schenck, 1852), by Mayr, 1855)
[= Tomognathus atratulus (Schenck, 1852), by Mayr, 1863 following Mayr, 1861, obsolete combination.]
(= Anergates atratulus (Schenck, 1852), by Forel, 1874)
(= Tetramorium atratulum (Schenck, 1852), by Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 ("2014"))
08) Tetramorium friedlandi (Creighton, 1934)
(= Anergates friedlandi Creighton, 1934)
[= Tetramorium friedlandi (Creighton, 1934), by analogy]
Tetramorium Mayr, 1855 (Only a few species in a big genus.).
09) Tetramorium microgyna Santschi, 1918
10) Tetramorium parasiticum Bolton, 1980
Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Only a few species in a big genus.).
11) Pheidole neokohli Wilson, 1984
(= Anergatides kohli Wasmann, 1915)
(= Pheidole kohli (Wasmann, 1915), by Wilson, 1984)
(not Pheidole kohli Mayr, 1901)
(= Pheidole neokohli Wilson, 1984, replacement name)
12) Pheidole acutidens (Santschi, 1922)
(= Bruchomyrma acutidens Santschi, 1922)
(= Pheidole acutidens (Santschi, 1922), by Wilson, 1984)
13) Pheidole argentina (Bruch, 1932)
(= Gallardomyrma argentina Bruch, 1932)
(= Pheidole argentina (Bruch, 1932), by Wilson, 1984)
14) Pheidole parasitica Wilson, 1984
Excluded from the extreme, workerless inquilines. Once this species was included in the extreme, workerless inquilines but now it is considered to be a workerless inquiline without extreme reductions, e.g. no pupoid males but normal ones. The decision to exclude it was made by Edward Osborne Wilson in 1984 in a study of the inquilines in the genus Pheidole Westwood, 1839.
Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Only one species in a big genus.).
15) Pheidole kusnezovi Wilson, 2003
(= Eriopheidole symbiotica Kusnezov, 1952)
(= Pheidole symbiotica (Kusnezov, 1952), by Wilson, 1984)
(not Pheidole symbiotica Wasmann, 1909)
(= Pheidole kusnezovi Wilson, 2003, replacement name)
Distribution.
01) Europe (Alps, Pyrenees and Northern Spain)
02) Europe (Southern Iberia)
03) Turkey (Anatolia)
04) Europe (Southern Balkans or, more precisely, Bulgaria)
05) Europe (Balkan Peninsula or, more precisely, Greece)
06) Turkmenistan
07) Palaearctic region (most important: Europe)
08) North America
09) Southern Africa
10) Southern Africa
11) Central Africa
12) South America
13) South America
14) India
15) South America
The host species.
01), 02), 03), 04), 05), 06), 07), 08), 09) and 10) Certain species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr, 1855.
01) T. alpestre Steiner, Schlick-Steiner, Seifert, 2010 and T. impurum (Förster, 1850)
and maybe T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)?
02) T. cf. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)
03) T. cf. chefketi Forel, 1911
04) T. cf. chefketi Forel, 1911
05) T. kephalosi Salata, Borowiec, 2017
06) A species from the genus Tetramorium Mayr, 1855…
07) T. impurum (Förster, 1850), T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758), T. immigrans Santschi, 1927, T. staerckei Kratochvíl, 1944, in Kratochvíl, Novák, Šnoflák, 1944
and T. moravicum [Kratochvil, 1941, in] Novák, Sadil, 1941, T. diomedeum Emery, 1908, T. chefketi Forel, 1911
08) T. immigrans Santschi, 1927
09) T. sericeiventre Emery, 1877 and T. sepositum Santschi, 1918
10) T. avium Bolton, 1980
11), 12), 13), 14) and 15) Certain species of the genus Pheidole Westwood, 1839.
11) P. megacephala (Fabricius, 1793) subsp. melancholica Santschi, 1912
12) P. strobeli Emery, 1906
13) P. nitidula Emery, 1888
14) P. indica Mayr, 1879
15) P. obscurior Forel, 1886
A remark about synonymy.
Tetramorium friedlandi (Creighton, 1934) is now a synonym from Tetramorium atratulum (Schenck, 1852), more precisely an introduced form in North America (see also Schär, Talavera, Espadaler, Rana, Andersen, Cover, Vila, 2018.). This synonymy was given by Creighton, 1950. So, the name is Tetramorium atratulum (Schenck, 1852)...
Synonyms of the host species.
- T. impurum (Förster, 1850) (= Myrmica impura Förster, 1850)
- T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) (= Formica caespitum Linnaeus, 1758)
- T. chefketi Forel, 1911 (= T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) var. chefketi Forel, 1911)
- T. immigrans Santschi, 1927 (= T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) var. immigrans Santschi, 1927)
- T. staerckei Kratochvíl, 1944, in Kratochvíl, Novák, Šnoflák, 1944 (= T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) subsp. hungarica Röszler, 1935 ("1933-34") var. staerckei
Röszler, 1936)
- T. diomedeum Emery, 1908 (= T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) var. diomedea Emery, 1908)
- T. sepositum Santschi, 1918 (= T. gladstonei Forel, 1913 var. seposita Santschi, 1918)
- P. megacephala (Fabricius, 1793) (= Formica megecephala Fabricius, 1793) (= Formica edax Forskål, 1775, a nomen oblitum under Art. 23.9 of ICZN (1999))
- P. megacephala (Fabricius, 1793) subsp. melancholica Santschi, 1912 was originally described as P. punctulata Mayr, 1866 st. melancholica Santschi, 1912
- P. strobeli Emery, 1906 (= P. perversa Forel, 1908 subsp. richteri Forel, 1909, or, in 1922, at the moment the extreme, workerless inquiline species was
described, = P. strobeli Emery, 1906 subsp. richteri Forel, 1909.)
- P. nitidula Emery, 1888 (= P. triconstricta Forel, 1886 var. nitidula Emery, 1888)
- P. obscurior Forel, 1886 (= P. susannae Forel, 1886 r. obscurior Forel, 1886)
And then...
…, if you follow the line further that Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 (“2014”) outlined, the first 10 extreme, workerless inquilines become a few species in the genus Strongylognathus Mayr, 1853.
01) Strongylognathus inquilinum (Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 (“2014”))
(= Strongylognathus schneideri (Kutter, 1950))
02) Strongylognathus kutteri (Tinaut, 1990)
03) Strongylognathus seiferti (Kiran, Karaman, 2017, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017)
04) Strongylognathus buschingeri (Lapeva-Gjonova, 2017, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017)
05) Strongylognathus albenae (Salata, van Delft, Borowiec, 2023, in Salata, van Delft, van Delft, Georgiadis, Borowiec, 2023)
07) Strongylognathus atratulus (Schenck, 1852)
08) Strongylognathus friedlandi (Creighton, 1934)
09) Strongylognathus microgyna (Santschi, 1918)
10) Strongylognathus parasiticum (Bolton, 1980)
If you followed the systematics of ants in 2014-2015, you noticed that all the species of Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950 and Anergates Forel, 1874 became Tetramorium Mayr, 1855. But normally, they should have the name Strongylognathus Mayr, 1853. No, they, Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 (“2014”), didn't like that! So, until the ICZN would say different, they kept Tetramorium Mayr, 1855.
And now you find under a few species, described in the "normal" genus “Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950”, this:
“[Note: Kiran, et al. 2017: 146, retain the paraphyletic genus Teleutomyrmex.]”
But they keep themselves a paraphyletic genus, nl. Tetramorium Mayr, 1855! So it should be Strongylognathus Mayr, 1853...
