Extreme, workerless inquilinism.

A complete, systematic literature list of Anergates Forel, 1874.

Atanassov, N., Dlussky, G. M., 1992, “Fauna of Bulgaria. Hymenoptera, Formicidae.” [In Bulgarian.]. Fauna na Bûlgariya, vol. 22, p. 1-310.

Creighton, W. S., 1934, “Descriptions of three new North American ants with certain ecological observations on previously described forms.” Psyche (Cambridge.), vol. 41, p. 185-200.

Creighton, W. S., 1950a, “The ants of North America.” Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, vol. 104, p. 1-585.

Csősz, S., Radchenko, A., Schulz, A., 2007, “Taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic Tetramorium chefketi species complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).” Zootaxa, vol. 1405, p. 1-38.

Csősz, S., Schulz, A., 2010, “A taxonomic review of the Palaearctic Tetramorium ferox species-complex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae).” Zootaxa, vol. 2401, p. 1-29.

Donisthorpe, H., 1915f, “British ants, their life-history and classification.” Plymouth, Brendon & Son Ltd., xv + 379 pp.

Forel, A., 1874, “Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systématique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution géographique, nouvelles expériences et observations de moeurs.” Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, vol. 26, p. 1-452.

Girard, M., 1879, “Traité élémentaire d'entomologie. Volume 2.” Paris, Librairie J.-B. Baillière et Fils, 1028 pp.

Hahn, C. W., 1832, “Die Wanzenartigen Insecten. Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. Band I, Heft 3.” Nürnberg, Zeh, p. 81-118.

Mayr, G., 1853e, “Ueber die Abtheilung der Myrmiciden, und eine neue Gattung derselben.” Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, vol. 3, p. 387-394.

Mayr, G., 1855, “Formicina austriaca. Beschreibung der bisher im österreichischen Kaiserstaate aufgefundenen Ameisen, nebst Hinzufügung jener in Deutschland, in der Schweiz und in Italien vorkommenden Arten.” Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, vol. 5, p. 273-478.

Mayr, G., 1861, “Die europäischen Formiciden. Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet.” Wien, C. Gerold’s Sohn, 80 pp.

Mayr, G., 1863, “Formicidarum index synonymicus.” Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, vol. 13, p. 385-460.

Schenck, C. F., 1852. “Beschreibung nassauischer Ameisenarten.” Jahrbuch des Vereins für Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau, Wiesbaden, vol. 8, p. 1-149.

Schenck, C. F., 1853a, “Die nassauischen Ameisen-Species.” Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, vol. 14, p. 157-163.

Schenck, C. F., 1853b, “Die nassauischen Ameisen-Species. (Fortsetzung.).” Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, vol. 14, p. 185-198.

van Boven, J. K. A., 1977, “De mierenfauna van België (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).” Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia, vol. 67, p. 1-191.

Wagner, H. C., Arthofer, W., Seifert, B., Muster, C., Steiner, F. M., Schlick-Steiner, B. C., 2017, “Light at the end of the tunnel: Integrative taxonomy delimits cryptic species in the Tetramorium caespitum complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).” Myrmecological News, vol. 25, p. 95–129.

Ward, P. S., Brady, S. G., Fisher, B. L., Schultz, T. R., 2015 (“2014”), “The evolution of myrmicine ants: Phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).” Systematic Entomology, vol. 40, no. 1, p. 61-81. (Article first published online: 23 July 2014).

Wheeler, G. C., Wheeler, J., 1955c, “The ant larvae of the myrmicine tribe Solenopsidini.” American Midland Naturalist, vol. 54, p. 119-141.

Wheeler, W. M., 1909g, “Observations on some European ants.” Journal of the New York Entomological Society, vol. 17, p. 172-187.

21 references.

Schlick-Steiner, B. C., Steiner, F. M., Sanetra, M., Heller, G., Stauffer, C., Christian, E., Seifert, B., 2005, “Queen size dimorphism in the ant Tetramorium moravicum (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): morphometric, molecular genetic and experimental evidence.” Insectes Sociaux, vol. 52, p. 186-193.

Schulz, A., 1996, “Tetramorium rhenanum nov. spec. vom "Mittleren Rheintal" in Deutschland (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).” Linzer Biologische Beiträge, vol. 28, p. 391-412.

And a few references missed in the literature lists of Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950 and Anergates Forel, 1874.

Agosti, D., Majer, J. D., Alonso, L. E., Schultz, T. R. (Editors.), 2000, “Ants: Standard Methods for Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity.” Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press, xix + 280 pp.

Agosti, D., Majer, J. D., Alonso, L. E., Schultz, T. R. (Editors.), 2000, “Sampling ground-dwelling ants: case studies from the world's rain forests.” Perth, Australia, Curtin University School of Environmental Biology (Bulletin No. 18), xii + 75 pp.

Boer, P., 2010, “Mieren van de Benelux.” ′s-Graveland, Netherlands, Stichting Jeugdbondsuitgeverij, 184 pp.

Boer, P., 2015, “Mieren van de Benelux. Tweede - herziene druk.” ′s-Graveland, Netherlands, Stichting Jeugdbondsuitgeverij, 184 pp.

Bourke, A. F. G., Franks, N. R., 1995, “Social Evolution in Ants.” Princeton, Princeton University Press, xiii + 529 pp.

Buschinger, A., 1985, “Staatenbildung der Insekten.” Erträge der Forschung, Band 223. Darmstadt, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, X + 211 pp.

Donisthorpe, H., 1927, “British ants, their life history and classification (2nd edn.).” London, G. Routledge and Sons, xvi + 436 pp.

Donisthorpe, H., 1927, “The guests of British ants, their habits and life-histories.” London, G. Routledge and Sons, xxii + 244 pp.

Forel, A., 1915, “Fauna insectorum helvetiae. Hymenoptera. Formicidae. Die Ameisen der Schweiz.” Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, vol. 12 (Beilage), p. 1-77.

Forel, A,. 1920, “Les fourmis de la Suisse. Notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution géographique, nouvelles expériences et observations de moeurs. Seconde édition revue et corrigée.” La Chaux-de-Fonds, Imprimerie Coopérative, xvi + 333 pp.
- Without the section “Systématique”, so without descriptions et al.

Gösswald, K., 1989, “Die Waldameise, Band 1: Biologische Grundlagen, Ökologie und Verhalten.” Wiesbaden, AULA-Verlag, xi + 660 pp.

Gösswald, K., 1990, “Die Waldameise, Band 2: Die Waldameise im Ökosystem Wald, ihr Nutzen und ihre Hege.” Wiesbaden, AULA-Verlag, x + 510 pp.

Gould, W., 1747, “An Account Of English Ants.” London, A. Millar, xvi + 112 pp.

Hermann, H. R. (Editor.), 1979, “Social Insects, Vol. 1.” New York, Academic Press, xv + 437 pp.

Hermann, H. R. (Editor.), 1981, “Social Insects, Vol. 2.” New York, Academic Press, xiii + 491 pp.

Hermann, H. R. (Editor.), 1982, “Social Insects, Vol. 3.” New York, Academic Press, xiii + 459 pp.

Hermann, H. R. (Editor.), 1982, “Social Insects, Vol. 4.” New York, Academic Press, 385 pp.

Hermann, H. R. (Editor.), 1984, “Defensive Mechanisms in Social Insects.” New York, Praeger Publishers, xii + 259 pp.

Hölldobler, B., Wilson, E. O., 2008, “The Superorganism. The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies.” New York, W. W. Norton & Company, xxi + 522 pp.

Hölldobler, B., Wilson, E. O., 2011, “The Leafcutter Ants. Civilisation by Instinct.” New York, W. W. Norton & Company, 160 pp.

Kutter, H., 1920, “”Gehe hin zur Ameise!” Anleitung zur selbständigen Ameisenforschung.” Naturwissenschaftliche Beobachtungsbücher, Band 1-2. Bern und Leipzig, Ernst Bircher Verlag, viii + 165 pp.

Maeterlinck, M., 1930, “La Vie des Fourmis.” Bibliothèque Charpentier. Paris, Eugène Fasquelle, éditeur, 254 pp.

Schmitz, H., 1906, “Das Leben der Ameisen und ihrer Gäste.” Regensburg, G. J. Manz, 190 pp.

Schmitz, H., 1915, “De Nederlandsche mieren en haar gasten.” Maastricht, C. Goffin, iv + 146 pp.

Stitz, H., 1939, “Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meersteile nach ihren Merkmalen und nach ihrer Lebensweise. 37. Theil. Hautflüger oder Hymenoptera. I: Ameisen oder Formicidae.” Jena, G. Fischer, 428 pp.

Wheeler, W. M., 1910, “Ants: Their Structure, Development and Behavior.” New York, Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp.

Wheeler, W. M., 1923, “Social life among the insects.” New York, Harcourt, Brace and Co., vii + 375 pp.

Wheeler, W. M., 1926, “The natural history of ants. From an unpublished manuscript in the archives of the Academy of Sciences of Paris by René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur. Translated and annotated by William Morton Wheeler.” New York, A. Knopf, 280 pp.

Wheeler, W. M., 1928, “The social insects: their origin and evolution.” New York, Harcourt, Brace and Co., xviii + 378 pp.

Wilson, E. O., 1990, “Excellence in Ecology, Vol. 2: Success and Dominance in Ecosystems: The Case of the Social Insects.” Oldendorf/Luhe, Ecology Institute, xxi + 104 pp.

30 references.

An addition to the official literature list of Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950.
This is the case when Ward et al., 2015 is accepted and if the synonymy is taken to Strongylognathus.

Emery, C., 1898c, “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der palaearktischen Ameisen.” Öfversigt af Finska Vetenskaps-Societetens Förhandlingar (Helsinki), vol. 20, p. 124-151.
- 28 pp., 4 figs. - [1898-(12-31)].

Girard, M., 1879, “Traité élémentaire d'entomologie. Volume 2.” Paris, Librairie J.-B. Baillière et Fils, 1028 pp.
- 1028 pp., ?? figs. - [1879-??-??].

Hahn, C. W., 1832, “Die Wanzenartigen Insecten. Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. Band I, Heft 3.” Nürnberg, Zeh, p. 81-118.
- 38 pp., ?? figs. - [1832-11-??].

Karavaiev, V., 1912b, “Ameisen aus dem paläarktischen Faunengebiete.” Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, vol. 12, p. 581-596.
- 16 pp., ?? figs. - [1912-12-28].

Mayr, G., 1853e, “Ueber die Abtheilung der Myrmiciden, und eine neue Gattung derselben.” Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, vol. 3, p. 387-394.
- 8 pp., 1 plate (5 figs.). - [1853-(12-31)].

Mayr, G., 1855, “Formicina austriaca. Beschreibung der bisher im österreichischen Kaiserstaate aufgefundenen Ameisen, nebst Hinzufügung jener in Deutschland, in der Schweiz und in Italien vorkommenden Arten.” Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, vol. 5, p. 273-478.
- 206 pp., 1 plate (5 figs.). - [1855-(12-31)].

Radchenko, A. G., Scupola, A., 2015, “Taxonomic revision of the striativentre species group of the genus Tetramorium (Hymenoptera, Formicidae).” Vestnik Zoologii, vol. 49, no. 3, p. 219-244.
- 26 pp., ?? figs. – [2015-??-??].

Santschi, F., 1927b, “A propos du Tetramorium caespitum L.” Folia Myrmecologica et Termitologica, vol. 1, no. 4/5, p. 53-58.
- 6 pp., 0 figs. - [1927-02-(28)].

Schenck, C. F., 1853b, “Die nassauischen Ameisen-Species. (Fortsetzung.).” Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, vol. 14, p. 185-198.
- 14 pp., 0 fig. - [1853-06-(30)].

Tarbinsky, Y. S., 1976, “[The ants of Kirghizia.]” [In Russian.]. Frunze, Ilim, 217 pp.
- 217 pp., ?? figs. - [1976-06-04].

10 references.

I apologize for the four deleted files. I wanted to put in the post about "An addition to the official literature list of Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950." but I got 5 times a sorry but the site doesn't work. Later on I saw that the post was put in 5 times. I deleted the last four... Sorry...

And a few more references missed in the literature lists of Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950 and Anergates Forel, 1874.

Bolton, B., Collingwood, C. A., 1975, “Handbooks for the identification of British Insects. Hymenoptera, Formicidae.” Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, vol. 6, no. 3(c), p. 1-34.

Emery, C., 1910, “Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Dorylinae.” Genera Insectorum, vol. 102, p. 1-34.

Emery, C., 1911, “Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae.” Genera Insectorum, vol. 118, p. 1-125.

Emery, C., 1913 ("1912"), “Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Dolichoderinae.” Genera Insectorum, vol. 137, p. 1-50.

Emery, C., 1921, “Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part].” Genera Insectorum, vol. 174A, p. 1-94 (+ 7 plates.).

Emery, C., 1922, “Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part].” Genera Insectorum, vol. 174B, p. 95-206.

Emery, C., 1924 ("1922"), “Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [concl.].” Genera Insectorum, vol. 174C, p. 207-397.

Emery, C., 1925, “Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae.” Genera Insectorum, vol. 183, p. 1-302.

Forel, A., 1921, “Le monde social des fourmis comparé à celui de l'homme. Tome 1. Genèse, formes, anatomie, classification. géographie, fossiles.” Genève, Librairie Kundig, xiv + 192 pp.

Forel, A., 1921, “Le monde social des fourmis comparé à celui de l'homme. Tome 2. Sensations, physiologie, fourmis et plantes, hôtes, parasites, nids.” Genève, Librairie Kundig, iii + 184 pp.

Forel, A., 1922, “Le monde social des fourmis comparé à celui de l'homme. Tome 3. Appareils d'observation. Fondation des foumilières. Moeurs à l'intérieur des nids. Bétail, jardins, fourmis parasites. (Avec appendice du Dr. E. Bugnion.).” Genève, Librairie Kundig, vii + 227 pp.

Forel, A., 1923, “Le monde social des fourmis comparé à celui de l'homme. Tome 4. Alliances et guerres, parabiose, lestobiose, esclavagisme.” Genève, Librairie Kundig, vii + 172 pp.

Forel, A., 1923, “Le monde social des fourmis comparé à celui de l'homme. Tome 5. Moeurs specialisées. Epilogue, les fourmis. Les termites et l'homme.” Genève, Librairie Kundig, vi + 174 pp.

Forel, A., 1948, “Die Welt der Ameisen. (Ausgewählt und übersetzt von Heinrich Kutter.).” Zürich, Rotapfel, 275 pp.

Gotwald, W. H., Jr., 1995, “Army ants: the biology of social predation.” Ithaca, New York, Cornell University Press, xviii + 302 pp.

Kronauer, D. J. C., 2020, “Army Ants: Nature’s Ultimate Social Hunters.” Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 384 pp.

Lach, L., Parr, C. L., Abbott, K. (Editors.), 2009, “Ant ecology.” Oxford, Oxford University Press, xvii + 410 pp.

Schneirla, T. C., 1971, “Army ants. A study in social organization. (Edited by H. R. Topoff.).” San Francisco, W. H. Freeman & Co., xx + 349 pp.

Vander Meer, R. K., Jaffe, K., Cedeno, A. (Editors.), 1990, “Applied myrmecology: a world perspective.” Boulder, Westview Press, xv + 741 pp.

Weber, N. A., 1972, “Gardening ants, the attines.” Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, xvii + 146 pp.

Williams, D. F. (Editor.), 1994, “Exotic ants. Biology, impact, and control of introduced species.” Boulder, Westview Press, xvii + 332 pp.

21 references.

There are a lot more references missed in the literature lists but I think I have now included most of the more important ones in the lists from Teleutomyrmex, Anergates and the two lists missed in the literature lists.

And a second more references missed in the literature lists of Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950 and Anergates Forel, 1874.

Evans, M. A., Evans, H. E., 1970, “William Morton Wheeler, biologist.” Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 363 pp.

Künckel d’Herculais, J., 1882, “Les Merveilles de la Nature. L’Homme et les Animaux. A. E. Brehm. Merveilles de la Nature. Les Insectes. Les Myriopodes, les Arachnides et les Crustacés. Édition Française par J. Künckel d’Herculais, aide-naturaliste au Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle. Tome 1.” Paris, Librairie J.-B. Baillière et Fils, viii + 720 pp.

Künckel d’Herculais, J., 1882, “Les Merveilles de la Nature. Les Insectes. A. E. Brehm. Merveilles de la Nature. Les Insectes. Les Myriopodes, les Arachnides. Édition Française par J. Künckel d’Herculais, aide-naturaliste au Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle. Tome 2.” Paris, Librairie J.-B. Baillière et Fils, iv + 802 pp.
- Tome 2 starts with “Les Formicides – Formicidae Die Ameisen. – The Ants.” on p. 1-150.

Senden, L., 1929, “Uit het huishouden der mieren. Deel 1.” Davidsfonds. Nr. 224. Brugge, Drukk. Excelsior, 182 pp.

Senden, L., 1929, “Uit het huishouden der mieren. Deel 2.” Davirsfonds. Nr. 225. Brugge, Drukk. Excelsior, 136 pp.

Skinner, G. J., 1987, “Ants of the British Isles.” Shire Natural History Series, vol. 21, p. 1-24.

Skinner, G. J., Allen, G. W., 1996, “Ants.” Naturalists' Handbook, vol. 24, Slough, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd., ii + 83 pp.
- This volume, in its introduction, speaks as one of only a few, about Solenopsis wagneri.

Taber, S. W., 2000, “Fire Ants.” Texas A&M University Press, 328 pp.

Verhaeghe, J. C., Deligne, J., De Vos, L., Quinet, W., 1984, “Les Cahiers du Viroin, 2. Les fourmis de nos régions. Introduction à la biologie sociale des fourmis.” Triegnes, Editions D.I.R.E., Centre Paul Brien, 152 pp.

The beginning of modern myrmecology.

Huber, P., 1810, “Recherches sur les mœurs des fourmis indigènes.” Paris, Chez J. J. Paschoud, xvi + 328 pp. (+ 2 plates!)

Latreille, P. A., 1798, “Essai sur l'histoire des fourmis de la France.” Brive, F. Bourdeaux, 50 pp.

Two books NOT to have…

Gösswald, K., 2012, “Die Waldameise. Biologie, Ökologie und forstliche Nutzung.” 1. Auflage, gekürzte Sonderausgabe in einem Band, Aula Verlag, Wiebelsheim, xii + 630 pp. (Editors unknown!).

Tschinkel, W. R., 2006, “The Fire Ants.” Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 744 pp.

9 + 2 + 2 references.

An updated list:

The extreme, workerless inquilines.

Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950

01) Teleutomyrmex schneideri Kutter, 1950
(= Tetramorium schneideri (Kutter, 1950), by Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz, 2015 ("2014"))
(not Tetramorium schneideri Emery, 1898)
(= Tetramorium inquilinum Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz, 2015 ("2014"))
02) Teleutomyrmex kutteri Tinaut, 1990
(= Tetramorium kutteri (Tinaut, 1990), by Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz, 2015 ("2014"))
(not Tetramorium semilaeve André, 1883 var./subsp. kutteri Santschi, 1927)
03) Teleutomyrmex seiferti Kiran & Karaman, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017
(= Tetramorium seiferti (Kiran & Karaman, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017), by analogy)
04) Teleutomyrmex buschingeri Lapeva-Gjonova, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017
(= Tetramorium buschingeri (Lapeva-Gjonova, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017), by analogy)

Not yet described species of extreme, workerless inquiline, from the genus Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950

05) The new, undescribed species from Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950 from Farab, Turkmenistan… See Dlussky, Soyunov, Zabelin, 1990 [“1989”].

Anergates Forel, 1874

06) Anergates atratulus (Schenck, 1852), by Forel, 1874
(= Myrmica atratula Schenck, 1852)
[Also described as new by Schenck, 1853b]
(= Tetramorium atratulum (Schenck, 1852), by Mayr, 1855)
[= Tomognathus atratulus (Schenck, 1852), by Mayr, 1863 following Mayr, 1861, obsolete combination.]
(= Tetramorium atratulum (Schenck, 1852), by Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz, 2015 ("2014"))
07) Anergates friedlandi Creighton, 1934
[= Tetramorium friedlandi (Creighton, 1934), by analogy]

Tetramorium Mayr, 1855
(Only a few species in a big genus.)

08) Tetramorium microgyna Santschi, 1918
09) Tetramorium parasiticum Bolton, 1980

Pheidole Westwood, 1839
(Only a few species in a big genus.)

10) Pheidole neokohli Wilson, 1984
(= Pheidole kohli (Wasmann, 1915), by Wilson, 1984)
(= Anergatides kohli Wasmann, 1915)
(not Pheidole kohli Mayr, 1901)
11) Pheidole acutidens (Santschi, 1922), by Wilson, 1984
(= Bruchomyrma acutidens Santschi, 1922)
12) Pheidole argentina (Bruch, 1932), by Wilson, 1984
(= Gallardomyrma argentina Bruch, 1932)
13) Pheidole parasitica Wilson, 1984

Excluded from the extreme, workerless inquilines
Once this species was included in the extreme, workerless inquilines but now it is considered to be a workerless inquiline without extreme reductions, e.g. no pupoid males but normal ones. The decision to exclude it was made by Edward Osborne Wilson in 1984 in a study of the inquilines in the genus Pheidole Westwood, 1839.

Pheidole Westwood, 1839
(Only one species in a big genus.)

14) Pheidole kusnezovi Wilson, 2003
(= Pheidole symbiotica (Kusnezov, 1952), by Wilson, 1984)
(= Eriopheidole symbiotica Kusnezov, 1952)
(not Pheidole symbiotica Wasmann, 1909)

Distribution

01) Europe (Alps, Pyrenees and Northern Spain)
02) Europe (Southern Iberia)
03) Turkey (Anatolia)
04) Europe (Southern Balkans)

05) Turkmenistan

06) Europe
07) North America

08) Southern Africa
09) Southern Africa

10) Central Africa
11) South America
12) South America
13) India

14) South America

Host species

01), 02), 03), 04), 05), 06), 07), 08) and 09) Certain species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr, 1855

01) T. alpestre Steiner, Schlick-Steiner & Seifert, 2010 and T. impurum (Förster, 1850)
and maybe T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)?
02) T. cf. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)
03) T. cf. chefketi Forel, 1911
04) T. cf. chefketi Forel, 1911

05) A species from the genus Tetramorium Mayr, 1855…

06) T. impurum (Förster, 1850), T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758), T. immigrans Santschi, 1927, T. staerckei Kratochvíl, in Kratochvíl, Novák, Šnoflák, 1944
and T. moravicum [Kratochvil, in] Novák & Sadil, 1941, T. diomedeum Emery, 1908, T. chefketi Forel, 1911
07) T. immigrans Santschi, 1927

08) T. sericeiventre Emery, 1877 and T. sepositum Santschi, 1918
09) T. avium Bolton, 1980

10), 11), 12), 13) and 14) Certain species of the genus Pheidole Westwood, 1839

10) P. megacephala (Fabricius, 1793) subsp. melancholica Santschi, 1912
11) P. strobeli Emery, 1906
12) P. nitidula Emery, 1888
13) P. indica Mayr, 1879

14) P. obscurior Forel, 1886

A remark about synonymy

Anergates friedlandi Creighton, 1934 is now a synonym from Anergates atratulus (Schenck, 1852), more precisely an introduced form in North Americe. So, the name is Anergates atratulus (Schenck, 1852) or, if you follow Ward et al. 2015 ("2014"), Tetramorium atratulum (Schenck, 1852)...

Synonyms of host species

- T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) (= Formica caespitum Linnaeus, 1758)
- T. impurum (Förster, 1850) (= Myrmica impura Förster, 1850)

- T. staerckei Kratochvíl, in Kratochvíl, Novák, Šnoflák, 1944 (= T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) subsp. hungarica Röszler, 1935 ("1933-34") var. staerckei Röszler, 1936)

- P. megacephala (Fabricius, 1793) (= Formica megecephala Fabricius, 1793)
- P. megacephala (Fabricius, 1793) subsp. melancholica Santschi, 1912 was originally described as P. punctulata Mayr, 1866 st. melancholica Santschi, 1912
- The host species P. strobeli Emery, 1906 was known, during much of its history, as a subspecies of an other species, nl. P. nitidula Emery, 1888 subsp. richteri Forel, 1909 (a much used junior synonym of the older P. perversa Forel, 1908 subsp. richteri Forel, 1909) and known, in 1922, for a while as P. strobeli Emery, 1906 subsp. richteri Forel, 1909, this since Santschi, 1916. The species P. strobeli Emery, 1906 was revived from synonymy (with P. nitidula Emery, 1888 since Wilson, 2003) and the subspecies was synonymized with it in Casadei-Ferreira, Economo, Feitosa, 2020. Or: P. strobeli Emery, 1906 (= P. perversa Forel, 1908 subsp. richteri Forel, 1909)
- P. obscurior Forel, 1886 was revived from synonymy with the 1 page older P. susannae Forel, 1886 and this in Casadei-Ferreira, Economo, Feitosa, 2020.

“Emery’s Rule” in its strict and its loose version.

In 1909, the entomologist/taxonomist Carlo Emery made an important generalization and noted that social parasites among insects and their hosts share common ancestry and hence tend to be parasites of species or genera to which they are closely related. Over time, this pattern has been recognized in many additional cases, and generalized to what is now known as “Emery's rule”. The pattern is best known for various taxa of Hymenoptera. The significance and general relevance of this pattern are still a matter of some debate, as a great many exceptions exist, though a common explanation for the phenomenon when it occurs is that the parasites may have started as facultative parasites within the host species itself (such forms of intraspecific parasitism are well-known.), but later became reproductively isolated and split off from the ancestral species, a form of sympatric speciation.

In the “strict version” of Emery’s rule, social parasitic species are their host’s closest relatives (a sister taxon to its host in a phylogenetic sense.), and likely evolved from their host’s lineage by sympatric speciation, or through a combination of allopatric and subsequent sympatric speciation. In the “loose version” of Emery’s rule, social parasites are close relatives of their host, but not sister species. Although few host-parasite pairs have been subjected to molecular phylogenetic analysis, studies to date support at least the loose version of Emery’s rule.

The “Kutter-Wilson Paradox”.

There are only about 230 known parasitic species of ants among the 12,500 or so described ant species. Despite their rarity, they are common in a few subfamilies like the Myrmicinae and the Formicinae, and common in temperate ants but rare in tropical ants. Why is there such a strong bias in both the taxonomic and ecological distributions of social parasites and their hosts, the “Kutter-Wilson Paradox”? The selective forces and ecological conditions that favour social parasitism continue to be researched and discussed. Factors like cooler temperatures and polygyny (i.e., colonies with multiple queens.) are important considerations, but cannot explain the evolution of social parasitism in all cases.

The “Inquiline Syndrome”.

Wilson, E. O. [“The insect societies”, 1971, p. 374] and Hölldobler, B. K. and Wilson, E. O. [“The ants”, 1990, p. 467] defined the “Inquiline Syndrome” and listed 41 characters of morphological, behavioural and life history traits that evolved convergently in inquiline social parasites (a 19 points of special interesses-list.). Not all those inquilines have all the characters but they have most of them. The ants of the genus Teleutomyrmex display 36 characters of the list.

Reference:

Emery, C., 1909e, “Über den Ursprung der dulotischen, parasitischen und myrmekophilen Ameisen.” Biologisches Centralblatt, vol. 29, p. 352-362.

A new host and observations about copulation and adoption in Tetramorium-Strongylognathus nests.

Purkart, A., Wagner, H.CPurkart, A., Wagner, H.C., Goffová, K., Selnekovič, D., Holecová, M. 2021. Laboratory observations on Anergates atratulus (Schenck, 1852): mating behaviour, incorporation into host colonies, and competition with Strongylognathus testaceus (Schenck, 1852). Biologia.,

https://www.antwiki.org/wiki/i…s11756-021-00901-y%29.pdf

And a third more references missed in the literature lists of Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950 and Anergates Forel, 1874.

Billen, J. P. J. (editor.), 1992, “Biology and evolution of social insects.” Leuven, Leuven University Press, ix + 390 pp.

Eder, J., Rembold, H. (editors.), 1987, “Chemistry and biology of social insects.” München, Verlag J. Peperny, xxxv + 757 pp.

Howse, P. E., Clement, J.-L. (editors.), 1981, “Biosystematics of social insects.” Systematics Association Special Volume No. 19. London, Academic Press, 346 pp.

Lofgren, C. S., Vander Meer, R. K. (editors.), 1986, “Fire ants and leaf-cutting ants. Biology and management.” Boulder, Westview Press, xv + 435 pp.

P.S. I have all of them except Forel 1921-1948!

Bredin, J.-D., 1993, “L’ Affaire, nouvelle édition refondue.” Paris, Editions Fayard/Julliard, 863 pp. - Based on the life and the verdict of Alfred Dreyfus.

Carpenter, H., 1977, “J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography.” London, George Allen & Unwin, ?? pp.

Evans, M. A., Evans, H. E., 1970, “William Morton Wheeler, biologist.” Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 363 pp.

Marlowe, S., 1987, “The Memoirs of Christopher Columbus, with Stephen Marlowe.” London, Jonathan Cape, ?? pp. (In my library: A Dutch translation: Marlowe, S., 1987, “De memoires van Columbus, met Stephen Marlowe.” Baarn, BV Uitgeverij De Kern, 542 pp.). - This is probably the best biography of Cristoforo Colombo/Christopher Columbus.

Pais, A., 1982, “'Subtle is the Lord ...': The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein.” Oxford, Oxford University Press, ?? pp.

Pais, A., 1994, “Einstein Lived Here.” Oxford, Clarendon Press/Oxford University Press, ?? pp.

A few additional references....

Official literature lists 82.pdf

Reference 105 for Teleutomyrmex:

Schär, S., 2022, “Neuer Fund der Endameise Tetramorium inquilinum Ward et al., 2015 (= Teleutomyrmex schneideri Kutter, 1950) beim Typenfundort SaasFee.“ Entomo Helvetica, vol. 15, p. 91-97.

The updated species list:

The extreme, workerless inquilines 76.pdf

- T. impurum (Förster, 1850) (= Myrmica impura Förster, 1850)
- T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) (= Formica caespitum Linnaeus, 1758)
- T. chefketi Forel, 1911 (= T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) var. chefketi Forel, 1911)
- T. immigrans Santschi, 1927 (= T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) var. immigrans Santschi, 1927)
- T. staerckei Kratochvíl, in Kratochvíl, Novák, Šnoflák, 1944 (= T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) subsp. hungarica Röszler, 1935 ("1933-34") var. staerckei Röszler, 1936)
- T. diomedeum Emery, 1908 (= T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) var. diomedea Emery, 1908)
- T. sepositum Santschi, 1918 (= T. gladstonei Forel, 1913 var. seposita Santschi, 1918)
- P. megacephala (Fabricius, 1793) (= Formica megecephala Fabricius, 1793) (= Formica edax Forskål, 1775, a nomen oblitum under Art. 23.9 of ICZN (1999))
- P. megacephala (Fabricius, 1793) subsp. melancholica Santschi, 1912 was originally described as P. punctulata Mayr, 1866 st. melancholica Santschi, 1912
- P. strobeli Emery, 1906 (= P. perversa Forel, 1908 subsp. richteri Forel, 1909, or, in 1922, at the moment the extreme, workerless inquiline species was described, = P. strobeli Emery, 1906 subsp. richteri Forel, 1909.)
- P. nitidula Emery, 1888 (= P. triconstricta Forel, 1886 var. nitidula Emery, 1888)
- P. obscurior Forel, 1886 (= P. susannae Forel, 1886 r. obscurior Forel, 1886)

Long time no update. These are recent inclusions:

Salata, S., van Delft, J. P. L., van Delft, J. J. C. W., Georgiadis, C., Borowiec, L., 2023, “Tetramorium albenae Salata, van Delft & Borowiec n. sp. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) – a new inquiline ant species from the Balkan Peninsula.” The European Zoological Journal, vol. 90, no. 1, p. 333-343 (+ 4 supporting files.).

Text and pdf:

https://www.tandfonline.com/do…080/24750263.2023.2198548

Pdf:

https://antcat.org/documents/8…from_balkan_peninsula.pdf

And for the host:

Salata, S., Borowiec, L., 2017, "Species of Tetramorium semilaeve complex from Balkans and western Turkey, with description of two new species of (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)." Annales Zoologici (Warsaw), vol. 67, no. 2, p. 279-313.

https://antcat.org/documents/6…_complex_from_balkans.pdf

The Extreme, Workerless Inquilines of the World.

The inquiline species.

The Tetramorium inquilinum species-group (“Degenerate workerless social parasites of several other Tetramorium species”, complete.) Before as Tetramorium Mayr, 1855 (Only a few species in a big genus.) (= Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950, by Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 (“2014”), the old genus, complete.).

01) Tetramorium inquilinum Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 (“2014”)

(= Teleutomyrmex schneideri Kutter, 1950)

(= Tetramorium schneideri (Kutter, 1950), by Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 ("2014"))

(not Tetramorium schneideri Emery, 1898)

(= Tetramorium inquilinum Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 ("2014"), replacement name)

02) Tetramorium kutteri (Tinaut, 1990)

(= Teleutomyrmex kutteri Tinaut, 1990)

(= Tetramorium kutteri (Tinaut, 1990), by Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 ("2014"))

(not Tetramorium semilaeve André, 1883 var. kutteri Santschi, 1927)

03) Tetramorium seiferti (Kiran, Karaman, 2017, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017)

(= Teleutomyrmex seiferti Kiran, Karaman, 2017, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017)

(= Tetramorium seiferti (Kiran, Karaman, 2017, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017), by analogy)

04) Tetramorium buschingeri (Lapeva-Gjonova, 2017, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017)

(= Teleutomyrmex buschingeri Lapeva-Gjonova, 2017, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017)

(= Tetramorium buschingeri (Lapeva-Gjonova, 2017, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017), by analogy)

05) Tetramorium albenae Salata, van Delft, Borowiec, 2023, in Salata, van Delft, van Delft, Georgiadis, Borowiec, 2023

Not yet described species of extreme, workerless inquiline, from the Tetramorium inquilinum species-group (= Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950.).

06) The new, undescribed species from Tetramorium Mayr, 1855 (= Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950) from Farab, Turkmenistan… See Dlussky, Soyunov, Zabelin,

1990 [“1989”].

Tetramorium Mayr, 1855 (Only a few species in a big genus.) (= Anergates Forel, 1874, by Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 (“2014”), the old genus, complete.).

07) Tetramorium atratulum (Schenck, 1852)

(= Myrmica atratula Schenck, 1852)

[Also described as new by Schenck, 1853]

(= Tetramorium atratulum (Schenck, 1852), by Mayr, 1855)

[= Tomognathus atratulus (Schenck, 1852), by Mayr, 1863 following Mayr, 1861, obsolete combination.]

(= Anergates atratulus (Schenck, 1852), by Forel, 1874)

(= Tetramorium atratulum (Schenck, 1852), by Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 ("2014"))

08) Tetramorium friedlandi (Creighton, 1934)

(= Anergates friedlandi Creighton, 1934)

[= Tetramorium friedlandi (Creighton, 1934), by analogy]

Tetramorium Mayr, 1855 (Only a few species in a big genus.).

09) Tetramorium microgyna Santschi, 1918

10) Tetramorium parasiticum Bolton, 1980

Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Only a few species in a big genus.).

11) Pheidole neokohli Wilson, 1984

(= Anergatides kohli Wasmann, 1915)

(= Pheidole kohli (Wasmann, 1915), by Wilson, 1984)

(not Pheidole kohli Mayr, 1901)

(= Pheidole neokohli Wilson, 1984, replacement name)

12) Pheidole acutidens (Santschi, 1922)

(= Bruchomyrma acutidens Santschi, 1922)

(= Pheidole acutidens (Santschi, 1922), by Wilson, 1984)

13) Pheidole argentina (Bruch, 1932)

(= Gallardomyrma argentina Bruch, 1932)

(= Pheidole argentina (Bruch, 1932), by Wilson, 1984)

14) Pheidole parasitica Wilson, 1984

Excluded from the extreme, workerless inquilines. Once this species was included in the extreme, workerless inquilines but now it is considered to be a workerless inquiline without extreme reductions, e.g. no pupoid males but normal ones. The decision to exclude it was made by Edward Osborne Wilson in 1984 in a study of the inquilines in the genus Pheidole Westwood, 1839.

Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Only one species in a big genus.).

15) Pheidole kusnezovi Wilson, 2003

(= Eriopheidole symbiotica Kusnezov, 1952)

(= Pheidole symbiotica (Kusnezov, 1952), by Wilson, 1984)

(not Pheidole symbiotica Wasmann, 1909)

(= Pheidole kusnezovi Wilson, 2003, replacement name)

Distribution.

01) Europe (Alps, Pyrenees and Northern Spain)

02) Europe (Southern Iberia)

03) Turkey (Anatolia)

04) Europe (Southern Balkans or, more precisely, Bulgaria)

05) Europe (Balkan Peninsula or, more precisely, Greece)

06) Turkmenistan

07) Palaearctic region (most important: Europe)

08) North America

09) Southern Africa

10) Southern Africa

11) Central Africa

12) South America

13) South America

14) India

15) South America

The host species.

01), 02), 03), 04), 05), 06), 07), 08), 09) and 10) Certain species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr, 1855.

01) T. alpestre Steiner, Schlick-Steiner, Seifert, 2010 and T. impurum (Förster, 1850)

and maybe T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)?

02) T. cf. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)

03) T. cf. chefketi Forel, 1911

04) T. cf. chefketi Forel, 1911

05) T. kephalosi Salata, Borowiec, 2017

06) A species from the genus Tetramorium Mayr, 1855…

07) T. impurum (Förster, 1850), T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758), T. immigrans Santschi, 1927, T. staerckei Kratochvíl, 1944, in Kratochvíl, Novák, Šnoflák, 1944

and T. moravicum [Kratochvil, 1941, in] Novák, Sadil, 1941, T. diomedeum Emery, 1908, T. chefketi Forel, 1911

08) T. immigrans Santschi, 1927

09) T. sericeiventre Emery, 1877 and T. sepositum Santschi, 1918

10) T. avium Bolton, 1980

11), 12), 13), 14) and 15) Certain species of the genus Pheidole Westwood, 1839.

11) P. megacephala (Fabricius, 1793) subsp. melancholica Santschi, 1912

12) P. strobeli Emery, 1906

13) P. nitidula Emery, 1888

14) P. indica Mayr, 1879

15) P. obscurior Forel, 1886

A remark about synonymy.

Tetramorium friedlandi (Creighton, 1934) is now a synonym from Tetramorium atratulum (Schenck, 1852), more precisely an introduced form in North America (see also Schär, Talavera, Espadaler, Rana, Andersen, Cover, Vila, 2018.). This synonymy was given by Creighton, 1950. So, the name is Tetramorium atratulum (Schenck, 1852)...

Synonyms of the host species.

- T. impurum (Förster, 1850) (= Myrmica impura Förster, 1850)

- T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) (= Formica caespitum Linnaeus, 1758)

- T. chefketi Forel, 1911 (= T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) var. chefketi Forel, 1911)

- T. immigrans Santschi, 1927 (= T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) var. immigrans Santschi, 1927)

- T. staerckei Kratochvíl, 1944, in Kratochvíl, Novák, Šnoflák, 1944 (= T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) subsp. hungarica Röszler, 1935 ("1933-34") var. staerckei

Röszler, 1936)

- T. diomedeum Emery, 1908 (= T. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) var. diomedea Emery, 1908)

- T. sepositum Santschi, 1918 (= T. gladstonei Forel, 1913 var. seposita Santschi, 1918)

- P. megacephala (Fabricius, 1793) (= Formica megecephala Fabricius, 1793) (= Formica edax Forskål, 1775, a nomen oblitum under Art. 23.9 of ICZN (1999))

- P. megacephala (Fabricius, 1793) subsp. melancholica Santschi, 1912 was originally described as P. punctulata Mayr, 1866 st. melancholica Santschi, 1912

- P. strobeli Emery, 1906 (= P. perversa Forel, 1908 subsp. richteri Forel, 1909, or, in 1922, at the moment the extreme, workerless inquiline species was

described, = P. strobeli Emery, 1906 subsp. richteri Forel, 1909.)

- P. nitidula Emery, 1888 (= P. triconstricta Forel, 1886 var. nitidula Emery, 1888)

- P. obscurior Forel, 1886 (= P. susannae Forel, 1886 r. obscurior Forel, 1886)

And then...

…, if you follow the line further that Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 (“2014”) outlined, the first 10 extreme, workerless inquilines become a few species in the genus Strongylognathus Mayr, 1853.

01) Strongylognathus inquilinum (Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 (“2014”))

(= Strongylognathus schneideri (Kutter, 1950))

02) Strongylognathus kutteri (Tinaut, 1990)

03) Strongylognathus seiferti (Kiran, Karaman, 2017, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017)

04) Strongylognathus buschingeri (Lapeva-Gjonova, 2017, in Kiran, Karaman, Lapeva-Gjonova, Aksoy, 2017)

05) Strongylognathus albenae (Salata, van Delft, Borowiec, 2023, in Salata, van Delft, van Delft, Georgiadis, Borowiec, 2023)

07) Strongylognathus atratulus (Schenck, 1852)

08) Strongylognathus friedlandi (Creighton, 1934)

09) Strongylognathus microgyna (Santschi, 1918)

10) Strongylognathus parasiticum (Bolton, 1980)

If you followed the systematics of ants in 2014-2015, you noticed that all the species of Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950 and Anergates Forel, 1874 became Tetramorium Mayr, 1855. But normally, they should have the name Strongylognathus Mayr, 1853. No, they, Ward, Brady, Fisher, Schultz, 2015 (“2014”), didn't like that! So, until the ICZN would say different, they kept Tetramorium Mayr, 1855.

And now you find under a few species, described in the "normal" genus “Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950”, this:

“[Note: Kiran, et al. 2017: 146, retain the paraphyletic genus Teleutomyrmex.]”

But they keep themselves a paraphyletic genus, nl. Tetramorium Mayr, 1855! So it should be Strongylognathus Mayr, 1853...

About the host-queen(s):

Multi-queen breeding is associated with the origin of inquiline social parasitism in ants.

Romain A. Dahan & Christian Rabeling.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-17595-0